Surgical effects on soft tissue produced by a 405-nm violet diode laser in vivo

This study evaluated the surgical performance of a 405-nm diode laser in vivo, using living rat liver tissue. Tissue was incised by irradiation with the laser at low output power ranging from 1 W (722 W/cm²) to 3 W (2165 W/cm²) on a manual control at a rate of 1 mm/s. As a control, incisions using a stainless scalpel were compared. Immediately after operation, the surface of the incisions was macroscopically observed and histopathologically evaluated by microscopy. Laser-ablated liver tissue was smooth with observable signs of remnant carbonization and easily acquired hemostasis. The thickness of the denatured layer increased in proportion to the output power; the coagulation layer did not thicken accordingly. Bleeding could not be stopped for tissues incised with the stainless scalpel. The 405-nm diode laser thus proved to be effective for ablating soft tissue with high hemostatic ability at low power.     

Ein zus?tzlicher Test zur modernen Theorie der Molekulargewichts-Fraktionierung auf Grund der L?slichkeits-Differenz

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Nanometric summation architecture based on optical near-field interaction between quantum dots

A nanoscale data summation architecture is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on the optical near-field interaction between quantum dots. Based on local electromagnetic interactions between a few nanometric elements via optical near fields, we can combine multiple excitations at a certain quantum dot, which allows construction of a summation architecture. Summation plays a key role for content-addressable memory, which is one of the most important functions in optical networks.     

High-transmission waveguide with a small radius of curvature at a bend fabricated by use of a circular photonic crystal

A bent photonic crystal waveguide was fabricated by use of a lattice pattern of a circular photonic crystal that allowed high transmission for a broad band of wavelengths with a small radius of curvature at a bend. The waveguide was fabricated by use of alumina rods with a diameter of 3 mm. Windows of high transmission as a result of waveguiding were observed near 9 and 15 GHz. By measurement of the relative wave intensity [E]2 along the line defects, the propagation losses in the straight and the bent sections were estimated at 9.3 GHz to be 0.04 and 0.03 dB/mm, respectively.     

Computation of multiple eigenvalues of infinite tridiagonal matrices

In this paper, it is first given as a necessary and sufficient condition that infinite matrices of a certain type have double eigenvalues. The computation of such double eigenvalues is enabled by the Newton method of two variables. The three-term recurrence relations obtained from its eigenvalue problem (EVP) subsume the well-known relations of (A) the zeros of ; (B) the zeros of ; (C) the EVP of the Mathieu differential equation; and (D) the EVP of the spheroidal wave equation. The results of experiments are shown for the three cases (A)-(C) for the computation of their ``double pairs'.

     

Atomic force algorithms in density functional theory electronic-structure techniques based on local orbitals

Electronic structure methods based on density-functional theory, pseudopotentials, and local-orbital basis sets offer a hierarchy of techniques for modeling complex condensed-matter systems with a wide range of precisions and computational speeds. We analyze the relationships between the algorithms for atomic forces in this hierarchy of techniques, going from empirical tight-binding through ab initio tight-binding to full ab initio. The analysis gives a unified overview of the force algorithms as applied within techniques based either on diagonalization or on linear-scaling approaches. The use of these force algorithms is illustrated by practical calculations with the CONQUEST code, in which different techniques in the hierarchy are applied in a concerted manner.     

Survey of residual tetracyclines in kidneys of diseased animals in Aichi Prefecture, Japan (1985-1997)

A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of tetracycline antibiotic (TCAs) residues in the kidneys of slaughtered animals that did not pass inspection for human consumption by the Japanese Food Sanitation Law and the Meat Inspection Law at the slaughterhouses in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, from April 1985 to March 1998. The kidneys were analyzed by the AOAC Official Method 995.09. Among 424 animals (147 cattle and 277 pigs), 131 (30.9%) were contaminated with TCAs, including 69 (16.3%) with chlortetracycline (CTC), 61 (14.4%) with oxytetracycline (OTC), 3 (0.7%) with tetracycline (TC), and 1 (0.2%) with doxycycline (DC). One sample (cattle kidney) was contaminated with both OTC and DC. The frequencies of OTC and TC residues were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cattle than in pigs, whereas, the frequency of CTC was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in pigs. Pig kidney samples collected in 1991-1997 had significantly higher incidences of TCAs and CTC (p < 0.01) residues than those in 1985-1986.     

Sharp bounds on Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity

The Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity is one of the most important invariants in studying the minimal free resolution of the defining ideals of the projective varieties. There are some bounds on the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the projective variety in terms of the other basic measures such as dimension, codimension and degree. In this paper we consider an upper bound on the regularity of a nondegenerate projective variety , , provided is -Buchsbaum for , and investigate the projective variety with its Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity having such an upper bound.

     

Catalytic asymmetric alkylation of α-cyanocarboxylates and acetoacetates using a phase-transfer catalyst

The catalytic asymmetric alkylation of α-cyanocarboxylates and acetoacetates with an alkyl halide was performed under phase-transfer conditions to afford compounds which have a chiral quaternary carbon with up to 97% and 94% ee, respectively. As applications of this method, chiral 2-oxindole derivatives and a β-lactam derivative were synthesized.